MicroRNA biogenesis. Part 2. Formation of mature miRNAs. Maturation of non-canonical miRNAs

The scientific review presents the biogenesis of miRNAs. To write article, information was searched using databases Scopus, Web Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka. article shows stages formation mature It is noted that duplex RNAs resulting from DICER-mediated cleavage interact with Argonaute (AGO) proteins to form an effector RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). shown deficiency AGO leads a significant decrease in amount miRs, and overexpression accompanied by increase level miRs. main assembling fully functional RISC are presented. first stage loading miRs on proteins. second promotion Human diseases associated processing disorders cytoplasm cell Numerous alternative mechanisms involved functionally active characterized. There three classes mirtrons: typical mirtrons, 5’-tailed mirtrons 3’-tailed mirtrons. Endogenous csRNAs resemble Drosha-independent synthetic used experimentally induce gene knockout. Chimeric hairpins non-canonical miR genes transcribed tandem or as part another type small RNA gene. Thus, occurs due complex. core consists microRNA, protein trinucleotide repeat 6. Loading dsRNA subsequent assembly RISC. Disorders development some human diseases. miRs: endogenous short containing hairpins, chimeric hairpins.